WeBER Policy Briefs

-The exercise of public authority granted by law based on democratic governance assumes the existence of certain predispositions which effectively ensure the protection of the public interest. The professionalism of public servants is one of the main requirements to exercise the public authority as best as possible and in the function of protecting the public interest while also guaranteeing the effective protection of the rights and legal interests of people. This means that in order to achieve a good standard of professionalism, it is necessary to ensure that the staff has a proven professionalism. This is achieved through the implementation of rules that ensure meritocracy in order to be trusted with the exercise of public authority through the definition of positions and strict responsibilities in all links of public institutions. Recently, there is a growing trend, not only in Kosovo but also in the region, that the regular positions that remain vacant are filled with acting position and which for a long time are not filled through the procedures of advancement or external recruitment. This approach, certainly simple and suitable for daily politics, but also for the officials close to him, has managed to ignore and seriously violate the [...]

Following the publications of the PAR Monitor Report Albania, 2019/ 2020 and PAR Monitor Albania 2021/2022, the WeBER 2.0    research team and associates prepared two policy briefs, crosscutting PAR with other policy fields. The transition to online public service delivery and the challenge of cybersecurity on the one hand, and the importance of strengthening integrity in the public administration to fight corruption on the other, are discussed in the two cross-cutting policy briefs below. Find the Policy Brief here (in English) and here (in Albanian).

Publicity of the work of the Government is regulated by the Decree on the Government, the Rules of Procedure of the Government and the Decision on the publication of materials from the sessions of the Government. Article 4 of the Government Regulation emphasizes that the work of the Government is public, that the Government has a website where it publishes information about its work, and that, in accordance with the legislation (Law on Free Access to Information and Rules of Procedure of the Government), it is obliged to provide the public with access to its work work. According to the Rules of Procedure of the Government, in addition to the notice on convening the session, the Government’s website provides for the publication of the proposed agenda, which contains an indication of points for discussion and points for verification, materials for individual points on the agenda, committee reports and minutes from the previous session. Article 2 of the Decision on the Publication of Materials from Government Sessions stipulates the publication of: 1) proposal of the agenda of the Government session; 2) material considered by the Government at the session for which the appropriate level of secrecy has not been determined [...]

In the context of the EU’s enlargement policy, the European Commission is the institution which should be in the driver’s seat, leading the development of the policy and proposing changes and improvements of the approach. Its annual reports analyse the state of play and progress across the fundamental reform areas as well as individual negotiating chapters for all candidates and potential candidates. As such, they are the primary source for evaluating these countries’ progress in the EU integration process. Moreover, they should serve as a reliable basis for the decisions by the EU Council to make or withhold advancement of individual aspirants towards membership, including opening of negotiation clusters and closing of individual negotiation chapters. Yet, it is doubtful whether the Commission’s monitoring and assessment mechanisms are effective enough to allow it to act in the expected capacity. In practice, the Council has frequently disregarded or decided not to follow up on the Commission’s recommendations based on these reports. This is largely due to the fact that member states continue to demonstrate a notable level of mistrust when it comes to the Commission’s approach to reform monitoring and assessment. Such an inter-institutional rift in the EU sends inconsistent and [...]

Digital transformation of public administration and society in Montenegro is an objective proclaimed by a series of strategic documents - primarily, the Public Administration Reform Strategy and the Digital Transformation Strategy, which were both adopted in late 2021.2 Particular focus is placed on further digitalisation of public administration services, which should be measured by indicators related to the number of digitalised services on a single portal (e.g. 20 so-called life-event services like eStudent, eBirth, eEnrolment, eNGO registration, eProfessional exam, etc. by 2026 compared to 0, which is the current baseline); the number of interconnected electronic registers managed by institutions (e.g. 50 by 2026 compared to the current baseline of 8 connected registers); as well as connecting all local administrations to a single system for electronic data exchange (Government Service Bus - GSB). The Report on the Implementation of the Public Administration Reform for 2022 showed that no progress was made in terms of the number of digitalised services on a single portal. This translates to citizens of Montenegro still not being able to fully receive services from the public administration electronically, without visiting a counter. The number of pairs of electronic registers connected through GSB has increased from eight [...]

Montenegro’s obligation to publish open data, i.e. data in a format that facilitates its reuse, is stipulated by the Law on Free Access to Information. Publishing data in an open format is particularly important for its reuse, allowing for analysis and digital processing. Publishing data in an open format is also one of the indicators for public administration transparency, in line with the OECD/SIGMA Principles of Public Administration. Therefore, it is included in the WeBER PAR Monitor methodology for monitoring public administration reform in the Western Balkans. A proactive approach to open data policy implies that published data can be downloaded by different users, that downloading open data is free, and that data is published in a machine-readable format.Open data has great potential, especially considering that it becomes available to a wider range of users, that there are no control mechanisms or restrictions by the author, and that anyone can freely use and analyse it. It can be of particular importance to the scientific and business community, as well as the civil sector, but it can also be interesting to citizens. The aim of this analysis is to provide an overview of the current situation in terms of open [...]